＂Protect cultivated land like a giant panda＂
"Protect cultivated land like a giant panda"
Qiushi magazine editorial department
"Food security is ‘ The great man of the country ’ Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production. Our party has always attached great importance to the protection of cultivated land. "
"Comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land is an important aspect of cultivated land protection and improvement", "There are many saline-alkali land in China, and the trend of salinization of cultivated land in some areas is intensifying, so it is of great significance to carry out comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land".
"People don’t eat in the valley, and the valley is not born." Cultivated land is the foundation of ensuring national food security and the most precious resource in China. The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress clearly demanded that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land should be firmly held, and all permanent basic farmland should be gradually built into high-standard farmland. On the afternoon of July 20th, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the second meeting of the 20th Central Financial and Economic Committee and delivered an important speech. The article "Strengthening the Protection of Cultivated Land and Comprehensive Transformation and Utilization of Saline-alkali Land" is the main part of the speech made by the General Secretary at the meeting on strengthening the protection of cultivated land and comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. In this important article, the General Secretary made a profound explanation and strategic deployment on "Strengthening farmland protection and comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land" from three aspects: "Deeply understanding the importance and urgency of strengthening farmland protection", "Overall thinking and key measures of strengthening farmland protection" and "Doing a good job in comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land", which provided scientific guidance for strengthening farmland protection and comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land in the new era and new process, and was of great significance to ensuring food security and securing the rice bowl in China.
Hold the lifeblood of cultivated land
On the afternoon of March 5, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation of the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress. When talking about the protection of cultivated land, the general secretary earnestly warned: "The red line of cultivated land is investigated for life, and it must be investigated after retirement. This is all ‘ The great man of the country ’ 。”
1.8 billion mu of cultivated land is the red line, the strategic bottom line and the safety line related to the lifeline of the country. "Hong Fan has eight policies, and food is the first political leader." Solving the problem of feeding more than one billion people has always been a top priority in governing the country. It is determined by our basic national conditions and our consistent policy to basically solve the problem of eating for our people at home. China’s cultivated land is not rich, and it is a basic national condition that there are many people and few land. The per capita cultivated land is only about 1.4 mu, accounting for 9% of the world’s cultivated land to feed nearly 20% of the world’s population. At the same time, the quality of cultivated land is generally not high, and the reserve resources of cultivated land are insufficient, with middle and low yield fields accounting for 70% and dry land lacking irrigation facilities accounting for half. At the beginning of this century, from the perspective of food security, China comprehensively considered the population growth rate, food self-sufficiency, multiple cropping index, grain yield, future cultivated land occupation, new cultivated land potential and other factors, and put forward the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land according to the idea of "how much cultivated land should be protected" In 2006, the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China proposed for the first time that the amount of cultivated land should be maintained at 1.8 billion mu, which was taken as a binding indicator.
In recent years, Xizang Autonomous Region has actively implemented the transformation of cultivated land, improved the quality of cultivated land and grain output in an all-round way through the construction of high-standard farmland, and consolidated the foundation of food security. The picture shows the staff driving agricultural machinery to harvest wheat in the high-standard farmland of Quguoqiang Village, Linzhou County, Lhasa (photo taken on October 12, 2023). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Yufeng/photo
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has stood at the strategic height of realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation and put the protection of cultivated land in a more prominent position. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attached great importance to and repeatedly emphasized the protection and utilization of cultivated land, and made a series of important expositions in a series of important instructions during the central rural work conference, the Central Financial and Economic Committee meeting, the National People’s Congress and other important meetings and occasions, and scientifically answered a series of important theoretical and practical questions related to strengthening the protection and construction of cultivated land.
— — Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production and the foundation of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that Chinese’s rice bowl should be firmly in his own hands at all times, and the rice bowl mainly contains China grain; To ensure food security, the key is to implement the strategy of storing grain in the ground and storing grain in technology, and the key is seeds and cultivated land; Farmers can be non-agricultural, but cultivated land can’t be non-agricultural. If all cultivated land is non-agricultural, there will be no family resources for us to eat. China’s basic national conditions, with a large population and a small population, determine that we must protect the cultivated land that is related to the eating of more than one billion people, and there must be no mistakes; Wait a minute.
— — "We should protect cultivated land like giant pandas and strictly guard against the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the protection of cultivated land should be done like the protection of cultural relics, even like the protection of giant pandas; The red line of cultivated land must be kept, and it must not be broken, nor can it be broken flexibly; Farmland is farmland, which can only be used to develop farming, especially grain production. It is necessary to implement the strictest farmland protection system, strengthen use control, standardize the balance between occupation and compensation, strengthen the supervision of land circulation, promote the utilization of abandoned land, and resolutely curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and the "non-grain" of basic farmland; Wait a minute.
— — The red line of cultivated land is not only quantitative, but also qualitative. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that to protect cultivated land, we should not only ensure quantity, but also improve quality. Farmland must be fertile land, and it is necessary to build a national food security industrial belt, strengthen farmland water conservancy construction, implement black land protection projects, and classify and transform saline-alkali land; Adhere to the principle of fertile land and grain use, give priority to grain protection in fertile land and good soil, try to climb mountains and slopes as much as possible, and rely more on facility agriculture and factory planting for vegetable gardening; Wait a minute.
— — "Take ‘ Long teeth ’ Hard measures to comprehensively compact the responsibility of local party committees and governments at all levels for farmland protection. " The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to implement the responsibility of the party and the government, and strictly investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal and illegal occupation of cultivated land or change of cultivated land use; The central government should sign a "military order" for the protection of cultivated land with all localities, strictly assess and pursue responsibility for life, ensure that 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land deserves its name, and never allow anyone to make changes or tamper with the protection of cultivated land. "It doesn’t hurt to sell Tian Xin"; Those who have orders, prohibitions and dereliction of duty in the protection of cultivated land should be seriously investigated for responsibility; Wait a minute.
The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly clarified the great significance, direction, ideas, methods and measures of strengthening farmland protection, and provided a fundamental basis for strengthening farmland protection and construction.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has successively implemented key irrigation and water conservancy projects, high-standard farmland construction projects, black land protection projects, farmland soil pollution control and restoration projects, delineated red lines for farmland protection and permanent basic farmland protection, and established provincial party committees and governments to implement the responsibility system for farmland protection. "This series of hard measures has kept the red line of cultivated land and initially curbed the continuous downward trend of total cultivated land." By the end of 2022, the cultivated land area in China had reached 1.914 billion mu, and the total amount of cultivated land had increased for two consecutive years, with a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland built. The average grade of cultivated land quality increased by 0.35 grade compared with that in 2014, and the overall situation entered a stage of continuous improvement, steady growth and upward trend.
"China’s national conditions with a large population and little land have not changed, and cultivated land ‘ Non-agriculturalization ’ 、‘ Non-food ’ The problem is still outstanding, the cultivated land has been abandoned, the balance between occupation and compensation is insufficient and the quality is not high, and the foundation for keeping the red line of cultivated land is still uncertain. There are still many debts in farmland water conservancy. In some places, soil erosion, groundwater overexploitation, soil degradation and agricultural non-point source pollution are aggravated. " These serious problems pointed out by the Supreme Leader General Secretary have determined that "the task of farmland protection has not been alleviated in the new era and new journey, but it is more arduous".
Grasp the systematic project of cultivated land protection
"Cultivated land protection is a systematic project".
System engineering must be balanced, planned systematically and promoted as a whole. In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader insists on the concept of system, emphasizes the protection of cultivated land as a systematic project, clarifies the general idea and key measures to strengthen the protection of cultivated land, and further deepens our party’s regular understanding of strengthening the protection of cultivated land.
About the general idea.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that at present, it is necessary to highlight the major requirements such as paying equal attention to quantity and quality, strict law enforcement, systematic promotion and sustainable utilization.
— — Pay equal attention to quantity and quality, "that is, the protection of cultivated land should not only ensure quantity, but also improve quality." Permanent basic farmland must be deserved, and it must be a good field with stable and high yield. The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation cannot be a simple quantitative balance, but a balance of quality and productivity must be achieved, and it must never be done again ‘ Civet cats for princes ’ The trick. "
— — Strict law enforcement, "is to implement the strictest farmland protection system, with ‘ Long teeth ’ Measures to protect cultivated land. Implement the responsibilities of party committees and governments at all levels at different levels, integrate supervision and law enforcement forces, and form a joint force. "
— — To promote the system, "it is necessary to consider the protection of cultivated land in the construction of Chinese modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, implement the strategy of main functional areas, and adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand."
— — Sustainable utilization, "is to deal with the relationship between short-term and long-term, not only for the sake of contemporary people, but also for future generations, to protect and improve the cultivated land cultivated by ancestors, and to leave more room for future generations."
About key measures.Focusing on "holding the lifeblood of cultivated land", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader deployed five "key practical measures".
— — Protection responsibility of compacted cultivated land. The protection of cultivated land must strengthen the main responsibility of local party committees and governments, clarify the objectives and tasks, and implement the responsibility of both party and government. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "The new round of land and space planning has clearly defined the protection tasks of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland in various places, and has landed on the map. Provincial party committees and governments must firmly shoulder their responsibilities and ensure that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land will never break through. Relevant departments must strictly assess accountability and cannot be vague. "
— — Strive to improve the quality of cultivated land. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The key to ensuring food security is to ensure food production capacity and ensure that it can be produced and supplied when needed." Building high-standard farmland is an important starting point and must be firmly grasped. The general secretary put forward three requirements: first, the specific implementation plan should be issued as soon as possible, and the construction contents and input standards should be clarified, so as to truly build 1.546 billion mu of permanent basic farmland into a modern fertile field suitable for farming, ensuring crops through drought and flood, and achieving high and stable yield; The second is to speed up the legislation of farmland quality protection, implement the black land protection project, strengthen the treatment of degraded farmland such as acidification, and implement the action of improving farmland organic matter; Third, the central and local governments should provide financial guarantee for improving the quality of cultivated land, and at the same time strengthen supervision to ensure that the money is used on cultivated land.
Black land is known as "the giant panda in cultivated land". On August 1st, 2022, the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Black Land was officially implemented, which was the first time that China legislated on the protection of black land. The picture shows agricultural technicians monitoring the quality of fertilization in a farmland in the fourth management area of Beidahuang Group Construction Farm Co., Ltd., Bei ‘an City, Heilongjiang Province (photo taken on April 8, 2023). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Song/photo
— — Reform and improve the balance system of farmland occupation and compensation. The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation is an important measure for the state to strictly observe the red line of cultivated land. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "The quantity and quality of cultivated land are not supplemented in place in the balance of occupation and compensation, and the root cause is institutional loopholes." The general secretary put forward three requirements: first, the occupation of cultivated land by non-agricultural construction, agricultural structure adjustment, afforestation and tree planting should be unified into the balanced management of occupation and compensation; Second, adhere to the principle of "make up for it", take the net increase of cultivated land in the previous year as the premise of approving the occupation of cultivated land in the next year, and cannot occupy 1 mu of fertile land to make up 1 mu of inferior land and 1 mu of whole land to make up 1 mu of scattered land; The third is to improve the quality acceptance system of supplementary cultivated land, strengthen rigid constraints, and improve mechanisms such as follow-up management and re-evaluation.
— — Mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and local governments to protect cultivated land, grow grain and catch grain. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "Cultivated land ‘ Non-agriculturalization ’ 、‘ Non-food ’ An important reason is that the comparative income of agriculture, especially grain planting, is low. " The general secretary put forward the solutions from the system: first, improve the income guarantee mechanism of grain farmers, promote the development of modern intensive agriculture, develop various forms of agricultural moderate scale operation, improve production efficiency, increase the comparative income of grain planting, and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for protecting cultivated land and growing grain; The second is to improve the compensation mechanism for the interests of major grain producing areas, mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to pay attention to farmland protection and grain production, and form a joint force for farmland protection in major grain producing areas, main sales areas and production and marketing balance areas.
The management of abandoned land is an important aspect of cultivated land protection. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to find out the base number and promote the utilization of abandoned land by classification. For those who are left uncultivated, it is necessary to ensure that there are people in the land through measures such as land trust and farming. For those whose land is difficult to grow, measures such as water conservancy facilities construction, land consolidation and fertility improvement should be taken to improve farming conditions and resume production as soon as possible. For those that are really unsuitable for farming, we can increase the supply of diversified food according to the conditions, such as grain is suitable for grain and cash crops are suitable for cash crops.
— — Actively develop all kinds of non-traditional cultivated land resources. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "With the continuous progress of science and technology, the relationship between agricultural production and land is undergoing profound changes. Through certain forms of technological transformation and facilities construction, many land that could not be used for agricultural production can also be used for agricultural production, which can break through the natural conditions of scarcity of traditional cultivated land in China. " The General Secretary explicitly requested that investment in scientific and technological research and development and production should be strengthened, and an effective development model should be explored, combining "storing grain in the land" with "storing grain in technology" to utilize various non-traditional cultivated land resources for agricultural production.
To strengthen the protection of cultivated land, we should mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, but we should not rush for success. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the protection of cultivated land should be strictly enforced and the illegal occupation of cultivated land should be severely cracked down, but it should not be indiscriminate and "draw drawers back and forth". We should seek truth from facts, respect the law, protect the interests of farmers, strengthen publicity and interpretation, appropriately set aside a transition period, and promote it step by step.
Do a good job of characteristic agriculture in saline-alkali land
In the early summer, there was a gentle breeze and waves of wheat rolling in Xianzhuang area, an old town in Huanghua City, which belongs to Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. Different from other places, the wheat here is planted in saline-alkali land. Cangzhou is located on the coast of Bohai Sea, with a high degree of soil salinization, and there are large areas of low-yield fields and saline-alkali wasteland. In recent years, by cultivating wheat varieties with strong salt-alkali resistance and disease resistance and improving production and cultivation techniques, the saline-alkali land that used to be "white in spring, watery in summer, no harvest for ten years, and grain for half a year from chaff vegetables" has gradually become a bumper harvest field.
On the morning of May 11th, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special trip here to inspect the cultivation, promotion and industrialization of drought-alkali wheat in the field. Looking at the vast fields, the general secretary thought profoundly: "There are 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land in China, of which 500 million mu is suitable for growing food. If it can be developed and utilized, it will be of great significance for expanding China’s cultivated land area and safeguarding national food security."
The control and utilization of saline-alkali land is a global problem. Saline-alkali land in China has a large area, many types, wide distribution and a long history of treatment. For a long time, the party has led the people to write a brilliant chapter in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. After the founding of New China, the Party United and led the people to comprehensively control the saline-alkali land in the Yellow River flooded area. "After decades of transformation and generations of efforts, the Yellow River flooded area has become a veritable granary."
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has been thinking deeply about how to do a good job in characteristic agriculture in saline-alkali land. In October, 2021, the General Secretary emphasized during his investigation in Dongying, Shandong Province: "The red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land should be maintained, and 500 million mu of saline-alkali land should be fully developed and utilized. If the salt-tolerant crops are developed, it will play an important role in ensuring the granary in China and the rice bowl in China. " In May, 2023, the General Secretary pointed out during his investigation in Cangzhou, Hebei Province: "In addition to coastal areas, there are large areas of saline-alkali land in Songnen Plain in Northeast China, Hetao area in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang area. It is necessary to make further efforts on the basis of existing achievements and do a good job in this big article on characteristic agriculture in saline-alkali land. " In June, when the General Secretary visited Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, he affirmed the local efforts to control the land desertification caused by the salinization of cultivated land, carry out the improvement and comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali sandy wasteland, promote scientific irrigation and promote modern agriculture.
In recent years, Tangshan City, Hebei Province has developed and built 886,000 mu of high-standard farmland on saline-alkali land through a series of control measures, such as scientific improvement of saline-alkali soil, cultivation of alkali-tolerant crop varieties, and research and application of applicable farming techniques, effectively improving the utilization level of saline-alkali land. The picture shows that on October 11th, 2023, agricultural researchers worked in a high-standard paddy field improved from saline-alkali land in the fifth farm of caofeidian area, Tangshan. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Shizhen/photo
Comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land is a strategic issue and must be placed in an important position. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great significance of carrying out comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land from four aspects: transforming and upgrading the existing large-scale saline-alkali cultivated land, "can effectively tap the yield potential"; Developing forage and modern animal husbandry in some saline-alkali land "can expand diversified food channels"; Appropriate development of arable land reserve resources such as saline-alkali land "can supplement the arable land area"; It is also of great ecological significance to speed up the treatment of the problems of sparse vegetation and poor wind-proof and sand-fixing ability on saline-alkali land in the "Three North" area.
"To carry out comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, it is necessary to fully tap the development and utilization potential of saline-alkali land, strengthen the transformation and upgrading of existing saline-alkali cultivated land, effectively curb the trend of salinization of cultivated land, steadily expand the agricultural production space, improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and do a good job in the special agriculture of saline-alkali land." To this end, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward six tasks to be focused on: First, comprehensively understand the resource situation of saline-alkali land and lay a solid foundation; Second, do a good job in the top-level design, study and formulate the overall plan and special implementation plan for comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, comprehensively evaluate the cost and benefit according to the conditions of water resources and other aspects, prioritize them, and implement them after strict identification and approval; The third is to carry out the improvement of saline-alkali cultivated land by classification, promote the development of reserve resources of saline-alkali cultivated land step by step, and strengthen the prevention and control of saline-alkali cultivated land; Fourth, adhere to the overall planning of grain and feeding, use saline-alkali land according to local conditions, and ask for food from all kinds of saline-alkali land resources; Fifth, the combination of "planting in the right place" and "planting in the right place" will speed up the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant varieties and vigorously promote the effective practices of saline-alkali land control and improvement; Sixth, formulate fiscal and financial policies to support the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, strengthen the guarantee of funds and other factors, and guide and encourage social capital investment.
"The root of ensuring national food security lies in cultivated land, which is the lifeblood of food production". We should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of this important article by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, thoroughly study and implement the General Secretary’s important exposition on national food security, further strengthen the protection and construction of cultivated land, firmly hold on to food security, ensure that Chinese’s rice bowl is firmly in its own hands, and provide solid support for the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation!