Yesterday afternoon, the fifth session of the 14th Beijing Municipal People’s Congress held its first press conference. The leaders of the municipal deep reform office, the municipal editorial office, the municipal development and reform commission, the municipal state-owned assets supervision and administration commission, and the Zhongguancun Management Committee answered the reporters’ questions around the theme of "deepening reform and promoting development".

　　Streamline work

　　Focus on cleaning up the work certificate between departments.

　　"Last year, there was a strong reaction against the masses ‘ Wonderful proof ’ Problems, unified cancellation and adjustment of 74 certification items required by the municipal government departments at the grassroots level, involving health, medical care, housing, employment, schooling and many other daily affairs of citizens. " Wang Jun, deputy director of the Municipal Organizing Office, introduced the measures taken by Beijing to streamline the work flow in 2016, saying that the masses reflected that some grassroots organizations had proved "too many, strange, chaotic and false", and the city conducted a special study on this. Taking Guangwai Street and three communities as the breakthrough point, we dissected the sparrow, consulted the work records of streets and neighborhood committees in one year, and repeatedly communicated and coordinated with relevant departments to confirm the name of the certificate, the issuing unit, the required unit, the purpose and function, the annual acceptance volume, the setting basis, the competent department, the existing problems, and the cleaning opinions. Wang Jun said that according to the investigation, there are more than 200 certificates issued by grass-roots units in Beijing at ordinary times, and the first batch of 74 certificates issued by municipal government departments were cancelled and adjusted. For example, the inspection of the marital status of the floating population in Beijing no longer requires the township and town governments where the household registration is located to issue certificates, but can be inquired through the national electronic platform for marriage and childbearing of floating population; When unemployed people apply for low-rent housing, they no longer need to submit certificates issued by social security.

　　Although 74 certificates required by municipal units have been cancelled, some have not been cancelled. Wang Jun said that the remaining certificates are still under study, and some will be cancelled gradually. On this basis, the certificates issued by district-level government departments at the grassroots level are also being cleaned up. At present, 16 districts are undergoing a comprehensive clean-up, and most districts have been cleaned up, with a number of about 48, which will be announced in a centralized manner recently.

　　In fact, it is not only the masses who have to issue a lot of certificates to do things, but also between government departments. Wang Jun said that during the clean-up process, it was found that municipal government departments had to issue certificates to each other, which was a new situation. This year, we will focus on cleaning up the certificates issued by departments. Of course, cleaning up is not the purpose, but the ultimate purpose is to facilitate the masses.

　　"In terms of facilitating the masses to do things, we will also develop online services this year, especially through mobile phones." Wang Jun said that this year, a number of public service items should be put online, and everyone should handle them directly in the online government service hall; It is necessary to launch a number of public service matters closely related to the work and life of enterprises and the masses, and handle them directly at mobile terminals; It is necessary to package a number of interrelated public service matters involving multiple departments, levels and links and handle them directly online.

　　Integral settlement

　　The application system was debugged this year.

　　Whether the points can be settled as soon as possible is a topic of concern to many foreign workers in Beijing. Li Sufang, deputy director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that the application system for settlement of points in Beijing is under construction, which involves 13 categories, 29 indicators and more than 30 departments. At present, the criteria for determining the settlement of points are being clarified, and the process is being further standardized.

　　Li Sufang said that the point settlement policy focuses on the permanent residents who have been working and living in Beijing for a long time, and the social concern is high. Everyone has also put forward many suggestions. It can be said that the formulation of the policy has condensed social wisdom. In addition, everyone pays attention to fairness, justice and openness, and the handling of the situation should be ensured to be implemented in the sun. The indicators of the points settlement system should be unified and open, the procedures should be strict, and the departments involved should be networked to ensure effective information. Judging from the goal set by the human resources and social security department, it is also to ensure the disclosure of information and let applicants run less.

　　"Before the official launch of this system, a special information release will be held, and a convenience service manual will also be issued to facilitate applicants." Li Sufang said that the criteria for the settlement of points are open and the procedures are open. In the specific review process, under the condition of protecting the privacy of applicants, the points will be publicized online, subject to social supervision, and ensure openness and transparency.

　　The reporter learned from the person in charge of the relevant office of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security that the human resources and social security department is developing and debugging the system of settlement of points, which is an information system that provides points settlement services for talents. This system will be debugged within this year, and will be put into operation in due course in consultation with the Municipal Development and Reform Commission and in accordance with the unified deployment of the whole city. By then, Beijing will officially carry out the actual operation of the settlement of points.

　　Price adjustment plan

　　Water and electricity has no plans to adjust its price this year.

　　The price of water and electricity is closely related to the lives of citizens. Li Sufang, deputy director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said at the press conference that there is no plan to adjust the price this year.

　　"The price of water and electricity is a concern of the general public. Since 2012, Beijing has accelerated the pace of water and electricity price reform in the residential sector. The water and electricity used by residents have established a ladder price policy, which will be guaranteed to be implemented normally this year, and there is no plan for price adjustment. " Li Sufang made the above remarks when answering a reporter’s question.

　　In response to the issue of medical reform, Li Sufang said that the current medical reform has entered the deep water area, with the goal of improving the level and quality of public hospital services and improving better medical services for everyone. As for the price adjustment in medical reform, the public need not worry too much. Even though the cost of surgery, nursing and bed may increase somewhat, the cost of examination, medicine and consumables will decrease, and the overall medical expenses will not increase. In other words, there may be individual differences, but the total amount is balanced, which is proved by practice in five pilot hospitals.

　　With Zhongguancun exploring the pilot project of evaluating the permanent residence points of foreign talents in China, foreign talents also have a convenient policy to apply for green cards. Guo Hong, director of Zhongguancun Management Committee, said that up to now, a total of 45 foreign talents have received letters of recommendation for the evaluation of permanent residence points of Zhongguancun foreign talents in China.

　　 　[the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s spiritual pedigree]

　　A key measure to determine the future and destiny of contemporary China

　　— — Comment on the spirit of reform and opening up

　　Guangming Daily reporter Changhe Li Fang Wenyuan

　　History goes back to 1978. This year, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to initiate the great and far-reaching reform and opening-up, from which Socialism with Chinese characteristics embarked on a magnificent and great journey.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, stressing that the great spirit of reform and opening-up forged by reform and opening-up has greatly enriched the connotation of the national spirit and has become the most distinctive spiritual symbol of the people of contemporary China!

　　For more than 40 years, from the "single spark" of fixing production quotas to households to the flourishing of comprehensively deepening reform; From the establishment of special economic zones to the establishment of a socialist market economic system and a new development path; From poverty alleviation to all-round victory, to embarking on a new road to achieve the goal of the second century … … Reform and opening up have become the most remarkable and magnificent weather in contemporary China.

　　At the celebration of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China solemnly declared to the world with heroic and tenacious struggle that reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the future and destiny of contemporary China, and China has made great strides to catch up with the times!

　　 　 　New Pattern of Opening to the Outside World (oil painting) Sun Hongmin, Jiang Zhe, Wang Xue, Huang Weichao, Jiang Hao, Sun Guangxu, Huang Haozhang and Jia Wenguang.

　　1. Emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts

　　If you want to know the avenue, you must first make history. Let’s go back to 1978.

　　On May 11th of that year, Practice is the only criterion for testing truth, which was published in Guangming Daily, set off a great discussion on the criterion of truth. On December 13th, Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech "Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth from Facts, Look Forward with Unity" at the closing meeting of the Central Working Conference became an important mobilization order. On December 18th, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing, which kicked off the reform and opening up. On the cold night of that year, 18 plowmen in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province pressed their bright red handprints, which started the rural reform in China.

　　A big discussion, a mobilization order, an important meeting, and a "spring thunder" of reform. Since then, reform has become a strong voice of the times, and opening up has become the trend of the times.

　　Prior to this, in the winter of 1977, the entrance to the college entrance examination, which had been closed for 11 years, was reopened. The resumption of the college entrance examination system has not only changed the fate of many people, but also become a turning point in the development of a country and the times. In March 1978, the National Science Conference was held in Beijing, and the spring of science came.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that reform and opening up is a great awakening of our party, and it is this great awakening that gave birth to our party’s great creation from theory to practice.

　　Forty-three years ago, Yan Hongchang, a farmer from Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, stood in front of the shabby hut on the Jianghuai watershed, looking nervous: he took 18 farmers in rags and set up a "life and death contract" in a low and shabby hut, pressed his bright red handprint and started a "big contract"; On February 3, 2021, Xiaogang Village, the "first village of rural reform in China", ushered in its fourth dividend. Now, Yan Hongchang stood in front of the brand-new road in Xiaogang Village and told reporters: "I just wanted to ‘ Live ’ , I have done it now ‘ Get rich ’ . Various reforms have sprung up, so that ordinary people can eat, live and wear, and everyone can live in Xiaoyanglou. This is a good day to look forward to! "

　　The first breakthrough in rural reform has set an example and accumulated experience for reforms in other fields.

　　In June 1979, on the west side of Qianmen Arrow Tower in Beijing, the Big Bowl Tea Youth Tea Club opened its doors, and the word "self-employed" became more and more known. Almost at the same time, Zhang Huamei of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province set up a small table at her door and put a needle thread on it. In 1980, Wenzhou established an industrial and commercial office, and Zhang Huamei became the first self-employed person in Wenzhou to obtain a license. This self-employed business license is also the first in China since the reform and opening up.

　　The market wants something, and the policy should respond. In October 1981, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made "Several Decisions on Broadening Access, Invigorating Economy and Solving the Employment Problem in Cities and Towns", pointing out that it is a strategic decision and by no means an expedient measure to implement a variety of economic forms and modes of operation for a long time under the fundamental premise that the socialist public ownership economy is dominant. We must focus on opening up employment channels in the collective economy and individual economy, and gradually form a set of labor and employment system that is conducive to developing the national economy and improving people’s lives.

　　When the individual economy develops to a certain scale, it is bound to be run by employees. In Wuhu, Anhui Province, the employment of Nian Guangjiu, a self-employed "fool melon seeds", caused a lot of controversy. "Individual employees exceed the regulations of the State Council, which can’t impact socialism." Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s statement and the subsequent introduction of a series of related policies have promoted the development of individual and private economy.

　　In 1985, the agricultural product brand "fool melon seeds", known as "the first business card of individual and private economy in China", broke through the ice in Wuhu, Anhui. In 2012, "Three Squirrels" grew and developed here. From "fool melon seeds" to "Three Squirrels", Wuhu witnessed not only the changes in the retail industry, but also the development and improvement of China’s economy, society and people’s living standards since the reform and opening up.

　　For more than 40 years, the great ship of China’s reform and opening-up has been breaking waves and marching forward.

　　In 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Ten Policies on Further Activating the Rural Economy" and decided to reform the system of unified purchase and distribution of agricultural products; In 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Notice on the Pilot Work of Rural Tax and Fee Reform", requesting to explore the establishment of a standardized rural tax and fee system and an effective way to fundamentally reduce the burden on farmers … …

　　Today, China’s grain output has increased from 304.77 million tons in 1978 to 1,339 billion Jin in 2020, and it has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for six consecutive years, and the foundation of granaries in big countries has become more and more solid. Chinese firmly held the rice bowl in his own hands, creating a great miracle of feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s land resources.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialist market economy, socialist country ruled by law, socialist harmonious society and socialist ecological civilization, as well as the development strategy of "three steps", the formation of the goal of "two hundred years", the proposal of "Chinese dream" and the strategic arrangement of "two steps" … … This set of great theoretical and practical innovations, which are constantly being developed and perfected, continuously promoted and deepened, is being performed brilliantly on the land of China. Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts have always led and accompanied the reform and opening up.

　　"Our future lies in the field of hope … …” This song, which was popular in China in the early 1980s, sang the feelings brought by the reform and opening up.

　　Great practice has proved that it is precisely by persistently proceeding from China’s national conditions and unswervingly carrying out reform that China has made achievements in economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction and other aspects over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, and today’s motherland is prosperous.

　　2. Pioneering, innovative and courageous.

　　On September 24th, 2021, the Supreme Leader of president pointed out in his video message to the 2021 Zhongguancun Forum that "Zhongguancun is the first national independent innovation demonstration zone in China" and "China supports Zhongguancun to carry out a new round of pioneering and testing reform, accelerate the construction of a world-leading science and technology park, and make new contributions to promoting global exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation".

　　From the "Electronic Street" in 1980s to the Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, and the commanding heights and weathervanes of global scientific and technological innovation, Zhongguancun, a "reform experimental field", has become a banner of innovation and development in China after years of development, providing a batch of "Zhongguancun experience" that can be replicated and popularized for the whole country. Here, the first private science and technology enterprise in China, the first enterprise whose business scope is not approved, the first enterprise whose intangible assets account for 100% of the registered capital, the first limited partnership investment institution, the first government guidance fund and the first local legislation of science and technology parks … … From scratch, the development of Zhongguancun is both a history of innovation and a history of reform.

　　"Fighting our way out" is a true portrayal of China’s reform and opening up, and it is also a true embodiment of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s pioneering and innovative spirit.

　　On November 23, 2020, Guizhou Province announced that the remaining nine poverty-stricken counties had withdrawn from the poverty-stricken county sequence. So far, all 832 poverty-stricken counties in China have been lifted out of poverty. The problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years has come to an end, created the China miracle in the history of human poverty reduction, and embarked on a road of poverty reduction with China characteristics.

　　This people’s war of "shocking the world" is itself a great innovation.

　　On April 24, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his investigation in Dawan Village, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province that tackling poverty has entered the sprint stage of gnawing hard bones and attacking villages, and we must grasp it with one heart.

　　Today’s Dawan Village, once muddy dirt roads have become clean cement avenues, and villagers have also moved from low and dilapidated houses to Xiaoyanglou, creating an integrated tea industry chain and photovoltaic poverty alleviation industry chain, and farmhouse tourism has flourished.

　　From "Xiaogang" to "Dawan", from the "life-and-death contract" more than 40 years ago to the comprehensive poverty alleviation today, every step we have taken highlights the efforts made in rural development since China’s reform and opening up. Behind the miracle of China is the innovation of a big country and the responsibility of a big party.

　　Dare to venture, try and innovate. Made in China, created in China and built in China are amazing in the reform and opening up. As far as the construction of China is concerned, infrastructure construction, such as high-speed rail, highways, bridges, ports and airports, ranks among the best in the world. By the end of 2020, the national high-speed railway had a mileage of about 38,000 kilometers and an hour of 350 kilometers. Fuxing was running on the Beijing-Shanghai line. Among the top 10 ports in the world, China has 7 seats; 10 tallest bridges in the world, 8 in China; The 632-meter-high Shanghai Tower has become the tallest green super skyscraper in the world. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, which has set a number of the best in the world, has been opened to traffic.

　　From the establishment of special economic zones to the integrated and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta, from the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to the construction of a new pattern of regional high-quality coordinated development, from the fight against poverty to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, from the major strategic achievements in fighting the COVID-19 epidemic to the comprehensive promotion of healthy China construction … … From sailing to hitting the water, from a hundred things to fruitful results, courage and enterprising spirit run through the whole process of reform and opening up.

　　Kunpeng spread its wings, Xiaolong entered the sea, Eye of the Sky patrolled the sky, and Wukong explored the sky … … A large number of major scientific and technological achievements have come out one after another, alarming the world. The Chang ‘e-5 returner successfully landed with the moon sample, the Endeavor all-deep manned submersible successfully completed the 10,000-meter sea trial and successfully returned, the Beidou system completed the global networking deployment, and China’s "artificial sun" successfully "burned" for 101 seconds at 120 million degrees Celsius. The "Nine Chapters" computer helped China realize the "quantum computing superiority" for the first time & HELIP; … Without daring to try and innovate, there would be no Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road, a series of new experiences, new things and new miracles, and there would be no amazing world made in China, created in China and built in China.

　　There are many tall buildings in Lujiazui, Shanghai. Photo by Wang Gang/Bright Picture

　　3. Open, inclusive and inclusive

　　"China is willing to work with other countries to build an open world economy and let the open spring breeze warm the world!" At the beginning of November this year, the 4th China International Import Expo opened, and the words hit the floor in the keynote speech of the Supreme Leader of president conveyed to the world the strong voice of the times that China firmly expanded its opening up and joined hands with other countries for win-win cooperation.

　　Opening-up is an important content of reform, and it is also an important way to promote reform. It aims to open the country to learn advanced concepts, technologies and management from the world and learn from the outstanding achievements of human civilization. Since ancient times, with the broad mind of "Great Harmony in the World" and "Harmony in All Nations", the Chinese nation has confidently and generously carried out ethnic exchanges and cultural exchanges with other countries. It once wrote Long song, the vast silk road of Camel Bell Wan Li Wave in Wan Li, and once created the prosperous Tang Dynasty atmosphere of Chang ‘an, the World Dress Club. With thousands of years’ historical view, reform and opening-up are generally the historical normal of China. The Chinese nation continues to move towards the future with the attitude of reform and opening up, which has far-reaching historical origins and profound cultural roots.

　　Openness is a distinctive symbol of contemporary China. From the "first shot" to wake up the southern land, Shekou set up the first export-oriented economic development zone in China, and set up special economic zones such as Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan; Take the lead in opening up from the eastern coast to the comprehensive opening up along the river, along the border and in the inland areas of the central and western regions; From "bringing in" to "going out", make full use of two markets and two resources at home and abroad … … For more than 40 years, China has always faced the world with an open mind, and the development of express trains has been on the right track.

　　Shanghai, which successfully hosted four consecutive China International Import Expo(CIIE) sessions, is a banner of reform and opening-up flying at the mouth of the Yangtze River. In April 1990, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a major decision to develop and open Shanghai Pudong. Since then, "thinking by the globe" has created the openness and innovation written in the bones of Pudong people. Over the past 30 years, the former farmland butterfly has become a modern new city with concentrated functions, complete elements and advanced facilities, where the first financial and trade zone, the first bonded zone, the first wholly foreign-owned trading company, the first foreign-funded bank and the first pilot free trade zone have emerged.

　　Shenzhen Xingtao, Hainan Surfing, Pudong Surfing … … The practice of reform and opening up around the clock has injected the spirit of openness, tolerance and inclusiveness into the spiritual veins of the people of China, painting a magnificent picture of the Chinese nation’s "striding to catch up with the times": in 1978, the per capita gross national income of China was only US$ 200, and the total economic output of China only accounted for 1.8% of the world; Today, China is the second largest economy and the largest industrial country in the world.

　　The history of China’s opening to the outside world shows that the bigger the mind and the farther the vision, the greater the development space. China’s continuous opening-up has activated the surging spring tide of China’s development and a pool of spring water of the world economy.

　　This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. In the past 20 years, China has fully fulfilled its WTO commitments, and the overall tariff level of China has dropped from 15.3% to 7.4%, which is lower than the WTO commitment of 9.8%. China has constantly revised its laws and regulations to adapt to multilateral trade rules. The central government has cleared more than 2,300 laws and regulations and local governments have cleared more than 190,000. China has continuously opened the service market and reduced the negative list of foreign investment access, and has opened nearly 120 sub-sectors, exceeding the 100 sub-sectors promised when China entered the WTO.

　　This year marks the eighth anniversary of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative. As a new exploration and practice of opening to the outside world in the new era, the seed of the dream of "One Belt, One Road" has grown into a towering tree, bearing fruitful results: a large number of infrastructure projects such as Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, China-Laos Railway, Gwadar Port and Hambantota Port have been solidly promoted; A wide circle of friends has been built, and China has signed cooperation documents with 140 countries and 32 international organizations; Exploring new ways to promote common development conforms to the common aspiration of most countries in the world for development.

　　This is an open, inclusive and inclusive mind, and it is a world feeling of mutual benefit and win-win. In recent years, China’s reform is getting stronger and stronger, and the pace of seeking common development with the world is getting bigger and bigger: releasing special measures for market access of Hainan Free Trade Port, giving Pudong New Area a new historical mission, and building an open cooperation platform such as China International Import Expo(CIIE), Service Trade Fair and Consumer Expo … … China opened its arms and declared to the world with openness, self-confidence and great power: "The door to China’s opening will not be closed, but will only grow wider."

　　Embarking on a new journey, bearing in mind the entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Chinese sons and daughters, inspired by the spirit of reform and opening up, continue to write "the story of spring" in the field of hope.

　　Guangming Daily (November 29, 2021, 05 edition)

Original SCMC VIP Shanghai Children’s Medical Center International Treatment Department

Every year, about 48 million people in the United States suffer from food poisoning (also known as food-borne diseases). This happens when pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites or their toxins enter food. Before buying food or at home, food will be contaminated by harmful microorganisms if it is not handled or cooked properly.

Symptoms of food poisoning

The symptoms of food poisoning are usually similar to other intestinal diseases: abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. But if children have the same symptoms as other people who eat the same food, it is more likely to be food poisoning.

Some bacteria and food poisoning

Other sources include:

salmonella

Salmonella (there are many kinds) is the main cause of food poisoning in the United States. The most common contaminated foods are raw meat (including chicken), raw or undercooked eggs and unpasteurized milk. Fortunately, when the food is completely cooked, Salmonella will be killed. Symptoms caused by salmonella infection usually begin 6 to 48 hours after eating and may last for 7 days.

If the baby’s milk powder is contaminated by Cronobacterium or Salmonella, there may be symptoms such as poor eating, temperature change, jaundice, wheezing, abnormal exercise, drowsiness, rash or blood in urine or stool.

escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is a group of bacteria that usually live in the intestines of children and adults. Some strains of these bacteria can cause food-related diseases. Undercooked ground beef is a common source of Escherichia coli, and raw agricultural products and polluted water can also cause it.

Symptoms of Escherichia coli infection usually include diarrhea (ranging from mild to severe), abdominal pain, and in some cases nausea and vomiting. Some E.coli symptoms are very serious, and in rare cases, they even lead to death. Take more rest and drink plenty of water when Escherichia coli is infected. However, if the symptoms are serious, you need to go to the hospital in time.

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus pollution is the main cause of food poisoning. These bacteria usually cause skin infections, such as acne or boils. When an infected person touches food, the pathogen will spread. When the food is not hot enough, staphylococcus will multiply and produce a toxin that ordinary cooking can’t destroy. These symptoms begin 1 to 6 hours after eating contaminated food and usually last for about 1 day.

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens is a kind of bacteria often found in soil, sewage and human and animal intestines. It is usually transferred from the person who handles the food to the food itself, where it breeds and produces toxins. Clostridium perfringens often appears in school canteens. The most commonly involved foods are cooked beef, poultry, gravy, fish, casseroles, stews and bean burritos. Symptoms of this type of poisoning begin 6 to 24 hours after eating and last for 1 to several days.

Shigella disease

Shigella infection, or shigellosis, is an intestinal infection caused by one of many kinds of Shigella. These bacteria can spread through contaminated food and drinking water, or in places with poor sanitary conditions. Bacteria invade the intestinal lining, which can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever and spasm. Shigellosis and its symptoms usually start 1-3 days after contact and get better 2-3 days after symptoms appear. Meanwhile, children should drink more water. Depending on the situation, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics, which can shorten the time and intensity of infection.

Campylobacter

Campylobacter is a kind of bacteria, which usually exists in raw or undercooked chicken, unpasteurized milk or polluted water. Children infected with Campylobacter usually have watery diarrhea (sometimes with blood), spasm and fever after eating contaminated food for about 2 to 5 days. Diagnosis requires stool samples for laboratory testing. In treatment, it is necessary to ensure that children drink plenty of fluids to replenish the water lost by diarrhea. Depending on the specific circumstances, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. In most cases, symptoms will improve in about 2 to 5 days.

botulism

This is a rare but serious food poisoning caused by Botox. These bacteria usually exist in soil and water. However, they usually do not cause diseases because they need very special conditions to reproduce and produce toxins. Botox grows best under anaerobic and certain chemical conditions. This is why improper canned food is the most vulnerable to pollution, especially low-acid vegetables, such as green beans, corn, beets and peas.

Honey may also be contaminated by Botox, leading to serious diseases, especially for children under one year old. This is why it is not recommended to eat honey before the baby is one year old.

Botulinum poisoning can attack the nervous system, leading to diplopia, drooping eyelids, decreased muscle tone, difficulty swallowing and breathing. It can also cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Symptoms usually appear within 12 to 48 hours and last for weeks to months. Babies may have a longer incubation period. Botulinum poisoning can be fatal if left untreated. Even after treatment, it can cause nerve damage.

cryptosporidiosis

In rare cases, watery diarrhea, low fever and abdominal pain may be caused by cryptosporidium infection. This kind of infection deserves special attention in children with abnormal immune system.

Other sources of food poisoning

Poisonous mushrooms, contaminated fish products and foods containing special seasonings may also cause food poisoning. If the child has unusual gastrointestinal symptoms and has any possibility of eating contaminated or toxic food, he should go to the hospital in time.

Food poisoning | treatment

Most children with food-borne diseases will get better by themselves after stopping eating and drinking for a short time. If the child still vomits or diarrhea is not obviously relieved or other discomfort symptoms appear, please go to the hospital in time.

If the following symptoms occur:

There are signs of dehydration

bloody diarrhea

Diarrhea with high fever (over 39 degrees)

Persistent diarrhea, a lot of water in the stool or abnormal stool characteristics.

Suddenly become weak, numb, confused or uneasy, and feel tingling, or have hallucinations or difficulty breathing.

……

The treatment depends on the child’s condition and the type of food poisoning. Tell the doctor about children’s symptoms, what food they have eaten recently, and where they got it. If the child is dehydrated, supplementing water is the key, and sometimes antibiotics are useful. If the disease is caused by an allergic reaction to food, toxins or seasonings, antihistamines will help. If the child has botulism, he needs hospitalization and intensive care.

Writing | Yang Yijia

Audit | Shen Xiaoyu

Photography | Xu Yazhen

Production | Hu Yi

Read the original text

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Education, the national college entrance examination in 2023 will start tomorrow. Recently, the Ministry of Education and the relevant departments have made many arrangements, requiring all localities to adhere to the examinee-oriented, closely focus on the work goal of "safe college entrance examination", and strengthen the service guarantee of public security travel, accommodation and hygiene, heatstroke prevention and cooling, noise control, etc., to provide reasonable convenience for disabled candidates and other special hardship groups, and strive to create a warm and comfortable examination environment. At the same time, we must fully prepare for the unexpected situations such as extreme weather and natural disasters that may occur during the examination to ensure the smooth and smooth college entrance examination.

　　The Ministry of Education specially reminds the majority of candidates that, first, they should read the Instructions for Candidates carefully, strictly abide by the examination regulations, and prepare and carry relevant documents and necessary examination equipment in advance. Second, we should pay attention to the epidemic prevention information of the college entrance examination released locally, and make personal protection preparations in advance according to relevant requirements. Third, we should pay attention to the local weather and traffic conditions, reasonably arrange the travel time and route, carefully verify and confirm the time, place and subjects of the examination, accurately grasp the route setting of the examination center, consider the security check of the examination center and other factors, and reserve enough time for the examination. Fourth, we should take the exam in good faith. Don’t bring all kinds of wireless communication tools such as mobile phones and other prohibited items into the test center (examination room). If they are brought, they should be stored in the designated storage place according to the requirements of the test center.

Where is the temperature of a city?

The blind road on the sidewalk is gradually improving, the toilets for the elderly in bank outlets, the newly installed handrails in elevators and steps in old communities … Some seemingly insignificant changes in life have facilitated the daily life of the disabled and the elderly, and also made the city more friendly and livable.

This year’s "Government Work Report" proposes to promote the construction of barrier-free environment and the aging transformation of public facilities. In recent years, what progress has been made in China’s related work, what changes have been brought to people’s lives in various places, and what should be done next? The reporter conducted an interview.

Let people with disabilities travel more smoothly

Reduce the "breakpoint" of the blind road and the height difference of the kerb ramp.

When visually impaired people travel daily, obstacles will always appear inadvertently: it may be a raised step at the intersection, a manhole cover above the ground, or a discontinuous steep slope. In the capital Beijing, these "blocking points" in the past are gradually decreasing.

Shi Jing, a visually impaired person who lives in Fahua Nanli Community, Dongcheng District, Beijing, is 54 years old. After graduating from the school for the blind in 1990s, he became a masseur for the blind. Over the years, traveling back and forth between home and activity centers for the disabled day after day, Shi Jing measured the pace of barrier-free construction of roads in Beijing with a blind stick.

"Travel has to go through three levels, walk on the trail, cross the road and find the station." Shi Jing said that in the past, blind roads were not perfect in many places, so they had to knock on the road teeth and often went astray. Nowadays, leaving the community and turning into the trail, a large area of warning blind roads are laid; At the junction of the road and the trail, the steps were changed into gentle slopes; Around the bus stop, there is also a circle of blind roads, which is very practical.

Behind the convenience of visually impaired people, it is inseparable from the efforts and efforts of relevant departments. Jing Lubo, the relevant person in charge of the Urban Road Management Office of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications, told the reporter that since the implementation of the special action on barrier-free environment construction in Beijing in 2019, the city has managed more than 26,000 blind road problems, more than 6,500 crosswalk curb ramps have been sloped, and 35 pedestrian overpasses and underground passages have been transformed, achieving the basic "no breakpoint" for blind roads and "zero height difference" for curb ramps.

In order to create a barrier-free environment, the relevant departments have carefully crafted-

Turn a curve into a straight one. There are many manhole covers on some trails. In the past, blind roads were built around manhole covers. Although obstacles were avoided, it was not convenient enough. After many visits and listening to users’ needs and suggestions, the transportation department began to transform: first, "go to the height difference" and sink the raised manhole cover to the ground as much as possible; Then "bend to straight", change the traveling blind road located on both sides of the manhole cover into the prompting blind road for going straight, which not only reminds the visually impaired, but also allows them to take fewer detours.

Turn emergency into slow. According to the barrier-free design code, a gentle slope with a slope of about 8 degrees should be set at the interface between the road and the trail. However, many bus stops located on the isolation belt are small in area, which makes it difficult to slope in both directions. The design team made efforts to "embroider" the gentle slope from horizontal to vertical, and added handrails, which not only made the ramp gentle enough, but also made the space be effectively used.

For many cities, promoting barrier-free environment construction has become a "required question". In Beijing, a megacity with a population of over 20 million and an urban road mileage of over 8,400 kilometers, every "micro-renovation" tests the wisdom of managers.

At the 9: 00 am rush hour, at the intersection of Haidian District, Zhongguancun East Road and Zhichun Road in Beijing, people and cars passed by, but they were orderly. "Such a scene was unimaginable two years ago." Pointing to the auxiliary road separated from the main road of Zhichun Road by the green belt, Yang Yang, chief of the maintenance management section of Beijing Urban Road Maintenance Management Center, told the reporter that the auxiliary road originally had both motor vehicle lanes and non-motor vehicle lanes, and there was no room for footpaths, not to mention blind roads. During peak hours, people and vehicles were mixed, and the traffic was not smooth and pedestrians were inconvenient.

How to solve the problem? Through long-term monitoring and analysis of the traffic situation at the intersection, the optimal solution soon emerged: remove the motor vehicle lane on the auxiliary road, merge the right lane into the main road, and build new trails and blind roads at the same time. After the implementation of this plan, the traffic is smoother and the satisfaction of all parties is high.

"The construction of urban barrier-free environment is endless, and it is impossible to do it overnight." For more than 10 years, Yang Yang has participated in and witnessed the changes of barrier-free facilities in Beijing from scratch and from excellent to excellent. "Barrier-free construction is to make every link of road traffic smoother and safer, so that more people can feel the convenience of travel. In the future, we will combine the changes in roads and surrounding public facilities, sort out and adjust roads one by one, and strengthen the daily inspection and management of barrier-free facilities. "

In early spring, Shi Jing often takes his apprentices for an outing in Beijing. "Sometimes the important thing is not that I have to go to this building, but that I can go to this building myself." Shi Jing likes this sentence said by famous writer Shi Tiesheng very much. "In recent years, it has become more and more convenient for visually impaired people to go out to work. Even if it is difficult for us to see the city with our own eyes, we can really feel her kindness and warmth to us from the bottom of our hearts. "

Make it easier for the elderly to do things.

Add an "elderly area" offline and develop a "caring model" online.

China has the largest elderly population in the world and one of the fastest aging countries in the world. How to actively respond to the aging population and make the city more friendly to the elderly? It is imperative to adapt to aging in a wider range and at a higher level.

Early in the morning, Dai Qiulan, a 71-year-old Nanjing citizen, walked into the lobby of Nanjing Municipal Affairs Service Center. She felt a little weak: she wanted to apply for a preferential card for the elderly, but the words on the self-service machine could not be read clearly. Later, under the guidance of the staff, the doubts suddenly disappeared.

It turns out that the homepage of the self-service machine is specially set up with the "elderly area". When you click it gently, the font becomes larger and the color is clear, which saves you energy. In less than 10 minutes, Dai Qiulan completed the application process and quickly got the documents.

"Convenience service wants to facilitate the people, and you have to wait for the elderly." Du Zhongyu, deputy director of the Information Technology Department of Nanjing Municipal Service Management Office, said that in recent years, Nanjing has steadily promoted the aging transformation of public service institutions-

As soon as the elderly enter the hall, they will be guided by a special person and accompanied throughout the process; Set up the "elderly priority" window, equipped with special seats for the elderly; In the self-service machine and online service network, the "elderly area" will be opened simultaneously, which will be related to more than 50 high-frequency matters handled by the elderly, such as basic pension personal account inquiry and citizen card replacement; Open the Nanjing government service network, social security, provident fund, medical care and other convenient services are lined up, just click "barrier-free browsing" and you can switch to "care mode" in one second.

Intimate service won the praise of Dai Qiulan. According to statistics, after the aging transformation of government services in Nanjing in 2021, the number of elderly people’s offices increased by 67% year-on-year, and the satisfaction rate increased from 99.1% to 99.5%.

Praise is hard to come by. Aging renovation of public places is a systematic project, which requires both more manpower and more investment.

"Every old man needs special guidance when he enters the hall. After calculation, the service personnel gap is about 30%. " Du Zhongyan introduced that the relevant departments mobilized everyone’s enthusiasm to take more posts and take the initiative to make up the position through party member’s leadership and evaluation, and the shortage of personnel was effectively alleviated.

Funds can’t be absent. The number of old-age items is lower than that of ordinary items, and the cost of aging renovation and upgrading is hardly proportional to the number of users. "Suitable for aging transformation, and more importantly, its social value." Du Zhongyu said that at present, the proportion of elderly people over 60 years old in Nanjing is close to 20% of the city’s permanent population. The aging transformation will not only benefit the present, but also play a long-term role.

"The aging transformation of urban public space can not only better meet the needs of the elderly, but also benefit the long-term economic development." Wang Yu, director of the Laboratory of Building for the Aged in China Institute of Architectural Design and Research, believes that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the growth rate of the population over 60 in China will obviously exceed that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. According to the characteristics of the elderly, finely improving urban public facilities will effectively enhance social vitality and further stimulate the development of the silver-haired economy.

Make community pension more comfortable.

Hardware space is perfect, software management is improved, and supporting facilities are optimized.

At present, most elderly people in China choose to live at home for the aged. Community is the carrier and foundation of home-based care for the aged, and it is also the focus of aging transformation.

Spring in Hangzhou in March is just right. In the Qian Jing community in Shangcheng District, Zhu Shuangmei, a retired old man, and his wife had just had lunch from the elderly canteen, and they went to the elderly activity center dozens of meters away to rehearse new songs with the old sisters of the choir. "Community pension, quite comfortable!" Zhu Shuangmei said.

Regular and simple old-age canteen, well-equipped health consultation room and brand-new and exquisite activity center, through the introduction of third-party institutions, Baimi Street across Jingfang East District has a one-stop community pension service integrating life care, culture and entertainment, and medical care.

Two years ago, the 100-meter street was another look. Jingfang East District was built in the 1990s. After the rise of commercial streets, it was convenient for residents to buy food and eat at home, but it also caused cross-flow of sewage and dirty environment.

In September, 2020, with the continuous promotion of the comprehensive renovation and upgrading of the old residential areas in Shangcheng District, the community in Qian Jing ushered in an opportunity of "changing its old look into a new one". In order to do a good job and make the work in the hearts of the masses, the community specially held a forum for soliciting opinions, asking everyone to brainstorm and discuss the plan.

"At present, the number of elderly people over the age of 60 in the community has exceeded one third, and the voice of community public pension services is very high. Building an elderly canteen can not only meet the dining needs of the elderly, but also be open to all community residents, which can maximize the use of existing space. " At the meeting, Zhu Hongying, secretary of the community party committee, listed the community development needs one by one. In the end, the aging-adaptive transformation scheme has been recognized by most people.

Qian Jing community is a microcosm of the aging transformation of old communities. "Today, meeting the needs of the elderly in the community with high quality has become a key task in the transformation of old communities." Yan Gang, secretary of the Party Committee of Hangzhou Urban and Rural Construction Management Service Center, said that Hangzhou has systematically optimized supporting facilities for the elderly in the community through measures such as tapping the potential of hardware space, multi-subject collaboration and software management upgrading, and has used market-oriented mechanisms and actively introduced social capital to stimulate the sustainable motivation of upgrading community services, so that more and more elderly people can enjoy more professional and more yuan-based aged care services in the community.

According to reports, since 2019, Hangzhou has completed the renovation of 714 communities, benefiting nearly 360,000 residents. The city has added 121,000 square meters of service facilities such as old-age care and cultural activities, including about 22,700 square meters of old-age service places, and added 3,851 barrier-free and aging-friendly facilities. From a national perspective, from 2019 to 2021, the country started to renovate 115,000 old urban communities, benefiting more than 20 million households; In the process of transformation in various places, a total of 51,000 elevators were installed, and more than 30,000 community service facilities such as old-age care were added.

In the living room of Zhu Hongying’s family, the discussion about the aging transformation of the community continues. "The old-age day care center mentioned last time, we are working on the transformation, and we will focus on it this year." Zhu Hongying tells everyone. "This is good! When you get together, you are not alone. " Community residents nodded in praise.

At the national level, the blueprint for promoting barrier-free environment construction and aging transformation has been drawn. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Barrier-free Environment Construction issued at the end of last year clearly states that by 2025, the legal guarantee mechanism for barrier-free environment construction will be more perfect, the barrier-free basic public service system will be more complete, the information barrier-free service will be deeply applied, the barrier-free humanistic environment will be continuously optimized, the systematic, complete and inclusive level of barrier-free facilities in urban and rural areas will be significantly improved, 1.1 million families with severe difficulties and disabilities will be supported to carry out barrier-free transformation, and barrier-free facilities with complete facilities, perfect functions, smooth information and comfortable experience will be accelerated. (Reporter Han Xin Yao Xueqing Dou Yuyang)

　　The layout of the Forbidden City embodies the designers’ wisdom. The clever thinking of "facing the mountain and facing the water" is one of the obvious characteristics. Jingshan Mountain is in the north of the Forbidden City, and Neijinshui River is in the south. There were no mountains in Beijing. When the Forbidden City was built in Yongle period, more than 1 million cubic meters of soil was excavated by opening a moat, and the piles of muck demolished by the Yuan Dynasty Palace could not be treated. So, a "waste utilization" came, which piled up the soil into mountains and planted trees on them. This is the Zhenshan in the north of the Forbidden City. Zhenshan was called "jingshan park" in the Ming Dynasty, and it was renamed "Jingshan" in the Qing Dynasty, and it has been used ever since. Jingshan is the commanding height in Beijing, which is east-west and narrow in the north-south direction, much like a screen. At the same time, when the Forbidden City was built, a culvert was dug downstairs from the northwest corner to introduce the moat water into the city. This is the specially dug Jinshui River. Jinshui River winds south through Chenglong Temple, winding all the way, turning east through Wuying Hall, passing Taihe Gate and Wenyuan Pavilion, and flowing out of the Forbidden City from the southeast corner. Jinshui River not only provides drainage channels for people in the Forbidden City, but also echoes with Jingshan Mountain, forming an aesthetic image of mountains, rivers and mountains in harmony. The surface of Jinshui River is lower than the ground of the Forbidden City, and the main part of the Forbidden City is built on the balcony between Jingshan and Jinshui River. Through Jingshan and Jinshui River, the Forbidden City is in harmony with nature in the aesthetic sense.

　　"negative yin embraces yang" is also a feature of the layout of the forbidden city. All the important palaces in the city face south. Chapter 42 of Laozi’s Tao Te Ching says: "Everything is negative and holds Yang, and rushing into the air is thought to be harmonious". It means that everything in the world is shady and sunny, and yin and yang interact to form a new harmonious body. The important palace buildings in the Forbidden City face south, with a large number of doors and windows in the south and fewer doors and windows in the north. The Book of Changes, Zhuan Zhuan Zhuan, says, "Sages listen to the world from the south, and govern from the Ming Dynasty", which means that the ancient sages ruled the world by listening to the south and facing the bright sunshine. Similarly, this layout has scientific significance in geography: the Yellow River Basin in China is located in the most remarkable subtropical monsoon climate area in the northern hemisphere, and in winter, a high pressure is formed in the northwest of the Asian continent, with a northerly wind for several months; In summer, the center of high pressure turns to the southeast Pacific Ocean, and the rainy monsoon from the south makes the temperature rise and the summer heat pressing. Under this geographical condition, it is most suitable for the building to face south, with the north side closed to keep out the cold, and the south side with windows for sunlight and ventilation in summer.

　　Another feature of the layout of the Forbidden City is "taking the positive center". "Correcting" means that the north-south direction is the main axial direction of the building layout. This is mainly due to the construction experience of ancient Chinese craftsmen based on the geographical location and natural environment of China, that is, the main seat faces south and is symmetrical left and right. "Centripetal" means that all secondary buildings face the main building. All the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City are mainly quadrangles, with the main rooms facing south and the wing rooms facing east and west. This centripetal architectural style not only makes the distance between houses smaller, which is conducive to the convenience of transportation, but also reflects the idea of "China is supreme" and "China is still big" in ancient China culture. At the same time, this orientation layout reflects the unity and coordination of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City, and there is no sense of clutter.

　　The architectural division of the Forbidden City is also particular. From the perspective of architectural functional zoning, the layout of the Forbidden City includes the imperial court area and the imperial court area. The buildings of the former dynasty were located in the south of the Forbidden City, mainly including the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe (commonly known as the Three Great Halls), which was the place where the emperor held important ceremonies. The imperial palace buildings are mainly located in the northern part of the Forbidden City, including Ganqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace (commonly known as the last three palaces) and the East and West Six palaces, which are the places where emperors and empresses live. The three great halls of the former dynasty occupied a large area and formed a huge pattern in the Forbidden City. These three buildings stand on a three-story platform, which is 8.13 meters high and takes the form of Sumitomo. Sumeru is actually the base of the Buddha statue. "Sumeru" is an Indian Buddhist term, which means "the center of the universe". Sumeru is used as the foundation of the building, which means that the building is stable and long-lasting. The three-story platform of the three halls can highlight the grandeur and height of the building, form an obvious contrast with other buildings in the Forbidden City, and highlight its extraordinary position. Not only that, the three halls are elegant in richness and dignified in exquisiteness, which highlights the majesty of the emperor. The Three Great Halls are not only the center of the Forbidden City, but also the center of Beijing, with the axis from Yongdingmen in the south to the Bell Tower in the north, becoming a straight central line. On both sides of this axis, buildings with less important functions are arranged symmetrically and orderly in turn. There is also a square with an area of 30,000 square meters in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This layout is conducive to showing a grand scene when holding important ceremonies.For the six palaces of the East and West, they are symmetrically arranged and vertically arranged. These buildings are separated vertically and horizontally by the East-West Second Long Street and the alleys in front of the palace, forming a very regular and rigorous closed space with streets and lanes, and the doors and walls of the seats are connected and separated. In their own space, that is, in the independent courtyards of each palace, they have the same layout and basically the same architectural form. The plane of each palace is square, and the layout is in the form of a three-in-one courtyard with two courtyards. The front hall and the back bedroom are all equipped with halls, which are strictly symmetrical. The layout of the courtyards of the East-West Six Palaces is subtle and compact, which not only guarantees the privacy of the life of the Empress Dowager, but also has reasonable planning: "How deep the courtyards are" can reflect the location characteristics of the East-West Six Palaces in the Forbidden City. On the whole, the architecture of the former dynasty was Yang, and Yang was majestic and tall. The architecture of the imperial palace is yin, and yin converges to the reality of hiding. The six palaces in the east and west and the three halls form a harmonious and unified wisdom thought of rigidity and softness, yang and yin.

　　In addition, the architectural layout of the Forbidden City was convex in the former dynasty and concave in the imperial palace. The combination of convex and concave is just like a mortise and tenon. This layout of tenon-mortise connection not only shows the ingenious tenon-mortise locking concept of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City, but also embodies the concept of "Yin and Yang in one" in ancient Chinese architectural culture, which is a reflection of the wisdom of the builders of ancient architecture.

　　(The author is a research librarian of the Palace Museum)